JACK THE RIPPER

PRINCE ALBERT VICTOR

BY TEAGAN PITMAN

PROFILE
Prince Albert Victor Christian Edward was the duke of Clarence and Avondale. He was born on the 8th January 1864 and died on the 14th of January 1892 from influenza. Albert Victor was born two months premature. He was christened in the private chapel of Buckingham palace. He was the son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra, Princess of Wales (later to be King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra) . He was the grandson of the reigning monarch Queen Victoria. His brother was born when he was only 17 months old and because of the closeness in age they were educated together. They were assigned a tutor by Queen Victoria and were given a strict program of strict study, which contained games and military drills as well as academic subjects. When he was young he travelled the world as a navel cadet and as an adult he joined the army but didn't undertake any military duties. He was engaged to marry Mary of Teck in late 1891 and then a few weeks later he died. Mary later married his younger brother George, who later became King George V in 1910.
Prince Albert Victor’s intellect, sexuality and sanity have linked him to being Jack the Ripper. He was apparently a 'slow' child and grew up to be a rather dull adult. He was a dear, good, kind and considerate man. He was also self-indulgent, not punctual and had no proper education. There were rumors that he was also mildly retarded. His intelligence was lower than expected for a future monarch with limited mental ability. He was partially deaf as he had inherited hearing problems.

RELATIONSHIP TO MURDERS
One thought to his relationship with the murders hadn't appeared until 1970 when Dr Thomas Stowell wrote an article about Jack the Ripper who he named as being Prince Albert Victor. He said that he had based his theory on private papers of Sir William Gull. In theory the syphilis drove him insane which compelled him to commit the murders and his family knew that he was Jack the Ripper after the second murder. Gull was Eddy's doctor who had informed his father that his son was dying of a syphilitic infection. Apparently no attempt was made to restrain until the double event when he was taken away in restraints to a private hospital. He then escaped to commit the final murder. He was then put in hospital again and died of "softening of the brain". Dr Thomas Stowell was said to have burnt the papers and then died later before it could be proven that the papers even existed.
According to Royal records Eddy had an alibi for each of the murders but if Stowell's theory is correct then it could have all been a cover up as it was said that the family knew Eddy was Jack the Ripper. On the 29th of August until the 7th of September he was in Yorkshire during the Nicholls death. On the 7th of September until the 10th of September he was in York during Chapman murder. On 27th of September until 30th of September he was in Scotland during Stride and Eddowes murder. On the 2nd of November until the 12th of November he was at Sandringham.

EVIDENCE
Prince Albert apparently had no medical knowledge but was very experienced in 'dressing dear'. He had syphilis of the brain which drives you insane which Jack the Ripper clearly was. It was also said that a royal carriage was used for the murders. Prince Albert was revealed by pimps that he was one of their clients in a male brothel in London. This was then covered up by the royal family. If this was covered up they could have covered up him being Jack the Ripper. It was also said that he had a child with a woman from whitechapel and could have been the killer to protect his reputation as a respected member of the royal family.


MOTIVE
One of Prince Albert’s motives was that he wanted revenge on prostitutes because one had given him syphilis of the brain. Another possible motive is that he was to married a prostitute, which was not a good image for the royal family so he had to kill her and her friends that knew of the marriage. Another is that he just went insane because of the syphilitic infection and the pain it was causing him.

Throughout Albert's life he was treated with nothing but respect and was known as a good, honest man.

REFERENCES

Portfolios: 1,2,3,4,5 & 6

Websites:

"Case Book:Jack the Ripper", [2008], http://www.casebook.org/

"Prince Albert Victor", [2008], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Albert_Victor,_Duke_of_Clarence_and_Avondale

N E L S O N M A N D E L A

By Teagan Pitman

Nelson Mandela was born on the 18th of July 1918, in the village Transkei, South Africa. His birth name was Rolihahla. His father was the chief of the Thembu people. He's dad had 4 wives and 13 children. He was the first person in his family to go to school at the age of 7. At school he was given the english name of 'Nelson'. At the age of 16 in 1934, he went off to boarding school. Then in 1939 he becam e student at Fort Hare.



Nelson Mandela grew up under the apartheid system. This was where there were 2 seperate laws for white people and black people. Only white people were allowed to vote. Africans, Europeans and Indians had to all go to seperate schools, hospitals, homes and more. Africans had to have passbooks on them to be allowed into certain areas or they would be arrested. Africans had the poorest of everything and the laws favoured the white people.



In 1912 the African National Congress (ANC) was formed to unite Africans in a fight against racial discrimination. Then in 1944 Nelson and some other men formed ANC Youth, where they would protest for african rights, democracy and freedom. In 1952, ANC launched a new defiance campaign against apartheid laws. Mandela was the chief volenteer to lead the campaign. Also in 1952 Nelson started his own law firm with his partner Oliver Tambo. This was the first black african law firm. Mandela was elected president of ANC and then in the following year he was forced to retire and face imprisonment and banning for 2 years.



In 1962 Nelson left South Africa to Ethiopia for a meeting with politicians from many African countries, which then supported ANC. Once he returned to South Africa he was arrested for leaving illegally and was sentenced to 2 years in jaol on Robben Island. Not long after he started his sentence him and some other leaders were acused of trying to overthrow the goverment with violence and was sentenced life in prison. Conditions were harsh, they had poor food, damp cells and hard labour.



In 1980 ANC made a campaign to release Nelson from prison with support from all over the world. In 1982, after 18 years in prison he was moved to Pollsmoor prison on the land of africa. Conditions here were better and he could see his family often. Outside the apartheid system was still carrying on as before. During the 1980's the ANC got violent in many towns of South Africa as it became a mass movement. The goverment of South Africa, president FW de Clerk had a meeting with Mandela in 1986 to try stop the violence.



In 1989 the goverment released other men that Mandela was imprisoned with. Mandela's own release came on the 11th of Febuary 1990. He spent 27 years in jaol. The worlds press were waiting for him and pictures were televised world wide. President FW de Clerk lifted the ban of ANC and ANC announced plans for the new South Africa where white people and black people are treated as equals. Nelson Mandela returned to being the ANC's president and worked with the President of South Africa so they could work together for a better Soutyh Africa and that's when they were both awarded the Noble Peace Prize.



In 1944 a general election was held in South Africa. This was the first election that men and woman of all races could vote. Nelson Mandela had led ANC to victory and was elected president of South Africa. He ended the apartheid system and was president for 5 years. In 1991 at the age 81 he retired in politics and returned to Transkei.

Nelson Mandela believed that everyone of all races should be treated as equals and everyone should be able to vote.

He will be remembered as being the man that freed South Africa of the apartheid system, let South Africans have power over South Africa and gained equal rights for all races in South Africa.

Reference:


Book:


Malam. J (2002) "The Release of Nelson Mandela", Cherry Tree books, Berkshire

SWEDEN

What natural resources does this nation have?

There is alot of mining in Sweden, mostly copper and iron. It is the largest producer of iron ore in the European Union. There has also been alot of lead, zinc, silver, gold, sulfur, zinc and lead. There are major deposits of iron ore in Lapland and some are used to make iron and steel to be exported.
Forests are a big resource as they cover 75% of the country.They also produce timber, pulp and paper which make up 18% of their total exports. Other timber realated products make up 12% of the total exports.
Other resources Sweden has is grass/hay, wheat, Barley and Oats.

What sectors of the economy are the biggest employers?
Sweden is highly developed country. The economy is 2% agricilture, 28% industry and 70% services. Services are the main area of growth. The Service industries, such as education, health care and trade are the main employers in this country. The reasons for this that 90% of the industriea re privately owned, goverment ownership is restricted to mines, public transport and energy.

How are economic decisions made? Who makes them?
A prime minister is nominated, the prime minister then appoints members of a cabinet, the cabinet then is responsible for all the goverment and economic decisons.

What is the most important industry in this nation? Is it labour or capital intensive?
The most important industry in Sweden is the mining industry. This industry is capital intensive because they use alot of big machinary and don't need many people to opperate it.

Does this nation use advanced technology in it's economy?
Sweden does use alot of advanced technology as it is a highly developed country. They use computers to process steel.

What is one of the major economic problems faced by this nation?
The goverment has a high debt of 41.9% of GDP. The goverment is trying to solve this by privatising some state owned companies. The income from these sales will be used to reduce their debt so it isn't a problem for the country in future generations.

How is this nation similar or different to Australia?
Australia and Sweden are similar because they both use advanced technology(eg.mining). They are both highly developed countries and are both mainly capital-intensive countries. Both countires extract alot of minerals out of the ground. They both have low unemployment.


My References:
Books:

Carlson, B. (1999), Country Fact Files: Sweden, Macdonald Young Books, East Sussex

Schyack-Nielsen, L. (2006), Countries of the World: Sweden, Evans Brothers Limited,London

Wagner, M. (2001), Countries of the World: Sweden, Times Media

Barber, N. (2007), World in Focus: Sweden, Wayland, London

Websites:

"Wikipedia", [2008], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Sweden#Unemployment

"Wikipedia", [2008], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Australia

Western Australia's Economy

Western Australia produces alot of goods. In the mining industry aluminium, natural gas, nickel, gold,iron ore and coal are produced. WA extacts 75% of Australia's 240 tonnes of gold. In Agriculture wheat, barley, sheep such as wool and meat. Approximatly 50% of Australias live cattle stock is exported from WA. The fishing industry produces fish, western rock lobsters,prawns,crabs, shark and tuna for local consumption and export.



Western Australia also provides alot of services. Perth is the the centre for banking and finance, in the city there is the head office of bank such as, Commonwealth, National Bank Australia, Westpac and ANZ. WA also provides a range of university's such as Curtain, Murdoch and Edith Cowan.



In the North-West of WA liqified natural gas production takes place to export to asia, aswell as Petro chemicals and fertiliser production is done there. A major heavy industrial area is located soust of Perth in Kiwnana, oil refining, Alumina and nickel are produced. Other little industries include cement and building products manufactoring, flour milling, food processing, animal feed production, automotive body building production, printin and boat building.



The strengths of this economy are high incomes, strong corporate activity, low unemployment and younger population mean. The weeknesses of this economy is there are high levels of job vacancies and the economic boom in WA is so strong that a significant labour shortage has emerged.

A region of Australia is the Kimberleys's where they mine diamonds, oil, zinc and lead. With Agriculture this region produces fruit and beef cattle. There is also Aquaculture where the produce barramundi. Tourism is popular in this region aswell at the, Bungle Bungle, Gib river road, Lake Argyle and Cape Leveque.

Teagan Pitman


"Wikipedia", [12th May 2008], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia#Notable_Western_Australian_public_companies

"Wikipedia",[12th May 2008], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)

Climate Change in Australia

Climate change is a big issue for Australia as it will cause alot of problems to our enviroment, weather and production. Global warming will bring in exotic infections, extreme and unpredictable weather and severe crop disruptions. There will be more droughts, heat waves, flooding and cyclones as minimum temperatures rise. Exteme weather will lead to loss of farmland, scarcity of fresh water for irrigation, soil errosion, damaging heat stress to temperate crops and livestock. There will be a significant iumpact on human health as climate change will increase mosquito-transmitted diseases and food poisoning.

What has already occured?

-Average WA temperatures have risen 0.8C since 1910 -South West winter rainfall has declined 15% since 1975 -Inflow of Perth dams has declined 60% since 1975
-Fremantle sea level has risen 20cm since 1897
-Indian Ocean at Ningaloo has warmed by 0.6C since 1960 -Average number of summer days over 35C in Perth now is 15

Predicted future Change:

By 2030:

-Average South West temperatures will warm up by 0.5-2.1C

-Average South West winter rainfall will decline by 2-20%

-Sea levels will rise up to 25cm

-Sandy beaches will erode up to 25m

-Average number of summer days over 35C in Perth will be 16-22

-Less rain effecting pasture, will cause milk loss of 25-30L per cow




By 2070:

-Average South West temperatures will warm by 1-5.5C

-Average South West winter rainfall will decline ny 5-60%

-Sea levels will rise by up to 60cm

-Sandy beaches will errode by up to 60m

-Average number of summer days over 35C in Perth will be 18-39

-Winter rainfall declining by up to 2 thirds means inflow into dams will be virtually non-existent




By 2100:

-sea levels will rise up to 88cm

-Sandy beaches will errode by up to 88m





If our future emission don't decrease more problems can occur. Coral bleaching from rising sea temperatures will kill coral by the death of algae which helps it grow. Fewer cold days will damage south west fruit industries. Beef cattle in Northern Australia will expirience more heat stress and ticks affecting animal welfare and production.

Climate change in Australia affects alot of animals that live here. A 1C rise in temperature is enough to cause extinction of 3 south west frog species, 15 threatend animals and a third of Australia's dryandra species.

The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest reef system and it will suffer from coral bleaching as ocean temperatures rise. It has already suffered coral bleaching in the summers of 1998, 2002 and 2006. As the ocean warms fish move to other places to live because of the temperature leaving no food for baby seagulls. If this reef dies it will also affect population and available habbitat for turtles. A temperature increase of onle 1C leads to coral bleaching.

How are people adapting to climate change in Australia?

Lots of people are already doing what they can to help with climate change. More people have water tanks in their yards and buying low water use products. Farmers are also becoming more versitile in their produce with things more suited to this climate we are and are going to be living in. Lots of poeple are wanting to learn more about ozone issues and causes. Lots of schools are teaching children about climate change and water wise strategies. Companies are looking at how they can reduce their pollution.

How does climate change in Australia affect other parts of the world?

Climate change in Australia affects other parts of the world because growing certain crops here will become more difficult. We will have to import stuff we normally wouldn't have to import and may not be able to export stuff we used to export. Also minerals and energy are needed all over the world but mining processes have bad effects on the enviroment so companies are working on solutions.

'Australian societ, especially rural regions, is becoming more vulnerable to natural disasters, at least in terms of economic costs and these disasters are primarily climate related", Dr Peng said.

By Teagan Pitman

References:

Internet:

"Climate Change in Australia", [2008], www.climatechangeinAustralia.gov.au/

"Australian Goverment", [2008], www.bom.gov.au/climate/change/

"CSIRO", [2007], www.csiro.au/resources/ps3j6.html

Newspapers:

Sydney (11/1/2008)"Outback'to Suffer from Climate Change' ", The West Australian, p18

Dortch,E (4/2/2006)"Welcome to our Nightmare", The West Australian, p55

Hodge,A and Banks,A (27/7/2005)"Climate Change puts communities at risk",The Australian

Giant Panda

This species is native to Central Western and South Western China. The panda's habbit is mainly at the top of the Yangtze Basin. They are found in Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests that contain a high amount of bamboo. Once the giant Panda also lived in lowland areas, but farming, forest clearing and other developments restrict most pandas to mountains.

The Giant panda consumes a diet 99% bamboo. They may eat other foods such as honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrubs, leaves, oranges and bananas. All the bamboo that they eat has very little protein and gives very little energy. As they consume a diet with little nutrition they have to keep their digestive tracts full. The panda will eat 12-38kg of bamboo a day to meet the energy requirements.

The Giant Panda's are important to the ecosystem because they live at the top of the Yangtze Basin which is shared by the pandas and millions of people. The Basin is the geographic and economic heart of china and is one of the critical regions for biodiversity conservation in the world. Its diverse habbitats contain many rare and endangered plant and animal species. Economic benefits of the Yangtze Basin include tourism, fisheries, agriculture, hydropower and water resources. The survival of the Panda will mean it's habbitat will remain protected which will ensure that the people living in the region will continue to get ecosystem benefits.

The Giant Panda is also important to the ecosytem because they help to distribute bamboo seeds over areas. As the Giant Pandas number go down so does the bamboo which makes it harder for other pandas to find food.

Without the Giant Panda the ecosystem will be affected alot because the land the Pandas live on is protected for them, so if they were to become extinct the land would become open to humans which they would clear for farming and logging. Lots of other animals would die because their homes would be lost.

The ecosystem would also be affected because there would be no Giant Pandas to distribute bamboo seeds. Less bamboo which means less food for other species.

This species is threatend by habbitat loss because of population growth and unsustainable use of natural resources. Lots of natural forest have been cleared for agriculture, timber and fuelwood. China's large population has restricted pandas to long, narrow belts of bamboo of 1,000-1,200m wide. Across the pandas habbitat range, the habbitat is fragmented into more than 20 isolated patches. Because pandas can not migrate between these patches of habbitat it is harder for them to find new feeding areas.
Also because of these distant patches of habbitat pandas face a greater risk of imbreeding. This could lead to disease, less adaptability to enviromantal change and reproductive problems.
They are also threatend by poachers that want there fur which is sold for large sums of money. They are also killed or injured in traps and snares set for other animals.


To protect these animals nature reserves have been made and extended in China. They are also working on creating green corridors to connect isolated pandas. Other solutions that can be used are patrolling against poaching and illegal logging, more nature reserves and constant monitoring of panda numbers.